SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
                            WASHINGTON, DC 20549

                                SCHEDULE 13D

                 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934


                              Arch Coal, Inc.
                              (Name of issuer)

                                Common Stock
                       (Title of class of securities)

                                 039380100
                               (CUSIP number)

                             Thomas L. Feazell
                           Senior Vice President,
                       General Counsel and Secretary
                                Ashland Inc.
                             1000 Ashland Drive
                             Russell, KY 41169
                               (606) 329-3333
               (Name, address and telephone number of person
             authorized to receive notices and communications)

                                July 1, 1997
          (Date of event which requires filing of this statement)


         If the filing person has previously  filed a statement on Schedule
13G to report the  acquisition  which is the subject of this  Schedule 13D,
and is filing this schedule  because of Rule  13d-1(b)(3) or (4), check the
following box ____.






                                                   Page 1 of 6 pages
CUSIP No.  043906 10 6     13D


1        NAME OF REPORTING PERSONS       Ashland Inc.
         S.S. OR I.R.S. IDENTIFICATION NOS. OF ABOVE PERSONS
                  61-0122250

2        CHECK THE APPROPRIATE BOX IF A MEMBER OF A GROUP     (a)
                  N/A                                         (b)

3        SEC USE ONLY

4        SOURCE OF FUNDS   00       (See Item 3)

5        CHECK BOX IF DISCLOSURE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS IS REQUIRED PURSUANT 
         TO ITEM 2(d) or 2(e)

6        CITIZENSHIP OR PLACE OF ORGANIZATION
                  Kentucky

       NUMBER OF               7    SOLE VOTING POWER
        SHARES                          21,382,387  
    BENEFICIALLY
       OWNED BY                8    SHARED VOTING POWER
         EACH                           0
       REPORTING
     PERSON WITH               9    SOLE DISPOSITIVE POWER
                                        21,382,387  

                              10    SHARED DISPOSITIVE POWER
                                        0

11       AGGREGATE AMOUNT  BENEFICIALLY OWNED BY EACH REPORTING PERSON
              21,382,387 shares of common stock 

12       CHECK BOX IF THE AGGREGATE AMOUNT IN ROW (11) EXCLUDES CERTAIN SHARES

13       PERCENT OF CLASS REPRESENTED BY AMOUNT IN ROW (11)
              54.0% of the shares of common stock    

14       TYPE OF REPORTING PERSON
              CO



                                                  Page 3 of 6 pages


                     Securities and Exchange Commission
                           Washington, D.C. 20549
                                Schedule 13D

Item 1.  Security and Issuer
         Ashland  Inc.  ("Ashland")  currently  owns  21,382,387  shares of
common stock ("common stock"), par value $.01 per share, of Arch Coal, Inc.
("Arch Coal").
         Arch Coal is a Delaware  corporation with its principal  executive
offices located at City Place One, Suite 300, Creve Coeur, Missouri 63141.

Item 2.  Identity and Background
         (a),  (b) and (c)  Ashland  is a  Kentucky  corporation  with  its
principal  executive  offices  located at 1000 Ashland Drive,  Russell,  KY
41169.  Ashland is a large U.S.  independent  refiner and independent crude
oil  gatherer  and  marketer;  a regional  retail  marketer of gasoline and
merchandise;  and a motor oil and automotive  chemical marketer in the U.S.
and  other  countries.  In  addition,  Ashland  is a large  distributor  of
chemicals and plastics in North America; a supplier of specialty  chemicals
worldwide; a large U.S. highway contractor; and a producer of crude oil.
         The  executive   officers  and  directors  of  Ashland  and  their
principal  occupations  are shown on the attached  Schedule I. The business
address of each executive  officer is shown on Schedule I. Each  director's
business address is Ashland Inc., c/o Office of the Secretary, 1000 Ashland
Drive, Russell, KY 41169.
         (d-e) During the last five years,  neither  Ashland nor any of the
persons  listed in Schedule I hereto,  has been (i) convicted in a criminal
proceeding  (excluding traffic violations and similar misdemeanors) or (ii)
a party to a civil  proceeding  of a  judicial  or  administrative  body of
competent jurisdiction and as a result of such proceeding was or is subject
to a judgment,  decree or final order  enjoining  future  violations of, or
prohibiting or mandating activities subject to, Federal or state securities
laws or finding any violation with respect to such laws.
         (f)      Each executive officer and director is a U.S. citizen.


                                                  Page 4 of 6

Item 3.  Source  and  Amount  of  Funds  or  Other   Consideration 
         Not applicable - See item 4.

Item 4.  Purpose of Transaction
         This filing is being made due to the merger of Ashland Coal,  Inc.
and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Arch Mineral Corporation pursuant to which
Ashland  converted  150 shares of Class B preferred  stock of Ashland Coal,
Inc. to 3,075,000  shares of Arch Coal common  stock,  converted  6,923,000
shares of common stock of Ashland  Coal,  Inc. to 6,923,000  shares of Arch
Coal common stock, and converted  648,307 shares of common stock of Ashland
Coal, Inc. held in the Ashland Coal,  Inc.  Dividend  Reinvestment  Plan to
648,307  shares of Arch Coal  common  stock held in the Arch Coal DRIP.  In
addition,  Ashland Inc.  owns  10,736,080  shares of Arch Coal common stock
resulting  from  the  338.0857-for-one  split of the  common  stock of Arch
Mineral Corporation effected on April 4, 1997.
         Ashland,  as a shareholder  of Arch Coal has no plans or proposals
which  relate  to or would  result  in:  (a)  except  as noted  below,  the
acquisition  by any person of  additional  securities  of Arch Coal, or the
disposition  of securities  of Arch Coal;  (b) an  extraordinary  corporate
transaction,  such as a merger,  reorganization  or liquidation,  involving
Arch Coal or any of its subsidiaries;  (c) a sale or transfer of a material
amount of assets of Arch Coal or any of its subsidiaries; (d) any change in
the present board of directors or  management  of Arch Coal,  including any
plans or proposals to change the number or term of directors or to fill any
existing  vacancies on the board;  (e) any  material  change in the present
capitalization  or  dividend  policy of Arch Coal;  (f) any other  material
change in Arch Coal's business or corporate structure;  (g) changes in Arch
Coal's  charter,  bylaws  or  instruments  corresponding  thereto  or other
actions  which may  impede the  acquisition  of control of Arch Coal by any
person;  (h) causing a class of securities of Arch Coal to be delisted from
a national securities exchange or to cease to be authorized to be quoted in
an  inter-dealer  quotation  system  of a  registered  national  securities
association;  (i) a  class  of  equity  securities  of Arch  Coal  becoming
eligible for  termination of registration  pursuant to Section  12(g)(4) of
the  Act;  or (j) any  


                                                  Page 5 of 6

action similar to any of those enumerated above. However, Ashland currently
anticipates  that it will  continue  to acquire  shares of Arch Coal common
stock through the Arch Coal DRIP.

Item 5.  Interest in Securities of the Issuer

I.       Ashland
         (a) Ashland  presently owns 21,382,387  shares of Arch Coal common
stock  which  represents  approximately  54.0% of the  total  issued  and
outstanding stock of Arch Coal.
         (b) Ashland has sole voting power and the sole power to dispose or
to direct the disposition of any shares of the common stock of Arch Coal.
         (c) Neither Ashland nor any of the persons listed in Item 2 hereof
has effected any transaction  relating to Arch Coal common stock within the
last 60 days except as noted above.
         (d)      Not applicable.
         (e)      Not applicable.

II.      Executive Officers and Directors of Ashland
         The  beneficial  ownership  of the  common  stock of Arch  Coal of
certain  executive  officers  and  directors  of Ashland  Inc. is listed on
Schedule  II. If not  listed on  Schedule  II,  the  executive  officer  or
director does not beneficially own Arch Coal common stock.


                                                  Page 6 of 6

Item 6.  Contracts, Arrangements or Understandings with Respect to 
         Securities of the Issuer
         None

Item 7.  Material to be Filed as Exhibits
         None



                                 SIGNATURE
         After  reasonable  inquiry  and to the  best of my  knowledge  and
belief, I certify that the information set forth in this statement is true,
complete and correct.

                                             July 9, 1997
                                   -------------------------------
                                               (Date)



                                        /s/  Thomas L. Feaezll
                                   --------------------------------
                                   Thomas L. Feazell
                                   Senior Vice President, General Counsel
                                    and Secretary






                                Schedule I

                     DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
                                    OF
                               ASHLAND INC.
               PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS AND BUSINESS ADDRESSES


    DIRECTORS                        PRINCIPAL OCCUPATION*

Jack S. Blanton          Chairman of the Board of Houston Endowment, Inc. and
                         President of Eddy Refining Company, Houston, Texas

Thomas E. Bolger         Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Board of 
                         Bell Atlantic Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Samuel C. Butler         Partner of Cravath, Swaine & Moore, Attorneys, 
                         New York, New York

Frank C. Carlucci        Chairman of the Board of the Carlyle Group, 
                         Washington, D.C.

Paul W. Chellgren        Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of 
                         Ashland Inc., Ashland, Kentucky

James B. Farley          Retired Chairman and Current Trustee of Mutual of 
                         New York, New York

Ralph E. Gomory          President of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, New 
                         York, New York

Mannie L. Jackson        Majority owner and Chairman of the Harlem 
                         Globetrotters, International

Patrick F. Noonan        Chairman of the Board of The Conservation Fund, 
                         Arlington, Virginia

Jane C. Pfeiffer         Management Consultant, Greenwich, Connecticut

Michael D. Rose          Chairman of the Board of Promus Hotel Corporation, 
                         Memphis, Tennessee

William L. Rouse, Jr.    Investments, Naples, Florida

Dr. Robert B. Stobaugh   Professor, Emeritus Harvard Business School, Boston, 
                         Massachusetts


*  For business addresses, see Item 2.



EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OFFICE ADDRESS TITLES - ------------------ ---------------- -------------------- Paul W. Chellgren P. O. Box 391 Chairman of the Board and Ashland, KY 41114 Chief Executive Officer John A. Brothers P. O. Box 391 Executive Vice President and Ashland, KY 41114 Group Operating Officer James R. Boyd P. O. Box 391 Senior Vice President and Ashland, KY 41114 Group Operating Officer J. Marvin Quin P. O. Box 391 Senior Vice President and Ashland, KY 41114 Chief Financial Officer Thomas L. Feazell P. O. Box 391 Senior Vice President, Ashland, KY 41114 General Counsel and Secretary Robert E. Yancey, Jr. P. O. Box 391 Senior Vice President and Ashland, KY 41114 Group Operating Officer; President, Ashland Petroleum Company Harry M. Zachem P. O. Box 391 Senior Vice President, Ashland, KY 41114 External Affairs David J. D'Antoni P. O. Box 2219 Senior Vice President; Columbus, OH 43216 President, Ashland Chemical Company John F. Pettus P. O. Box 14000 Senior Vice President; Lexington, KY 40512 President, SuperAmerica Group Charles F. Potts 900 Ashwood Parkway Senior Vice President; Suite 700 President, APAC, Inc. Atlanta, GA 30338-4780 James J. O'Brien P. O. Box 14000 Senior Vice President; Lexington, KY 40512 President, The Valvoline Company John W. Dansby P. O. Box 391 Administrative Vice Ashland, KY 41114 President; Treasurer Kenneth L. Aulen P. O. Box 391 Administrative Vice Ashland, KY 41114 President; Controller Philip W. Block P. O. Box 391 Administrative Vice Ashland, KY 41114 President Fred E. Lutzeier P. O. Box 391 Auditor Ashland, KY 41114 William R. Sawran P.O. Box 14000 Vice President; Chief Lexington, KY 40512 Information Officer; President, Ashland Services Company
SCHEDULE II EXECUTIVE OFFICER SHARES - ----------------- ------ Kenneth L. Aulen 400 Shares - Joint with Wife James R. Boyd 1,000 Shares - Direct John A. Brothers 3,000 Shares - Direct 187 Shares - Held in the Arch Coal Dividend Reinvestment Plan ("DRIP") Paul W. Chellgren 4,000 Shares - Direct 289 Shares - Direct - DRIP 500 Shares - Indirect - Son 36 Shares - Indirect - Son - DRIP 500 Shares - Indirect - Daughter 36 Shares - Indirect - Daughter - DRIP Thomas L. Feazell 500 Shares - Direct 173 Shares - DRIP J. Marvin Quin 500 Shares - Direct Robert E. Yancey, Jr. 1,000 Shares - Direct Harry M. Zachem 200 Shares - Direct